UBUROBYI: Uburyo bwo Gutera Amafi mu Cyuzi Neza

 Menya intambwe ku ntambwe zo gutera amafi mu cyuzi neza, uburyo bwo guhitamo amafi, kubategurira icyuzi, no kwirinda amakosa asanzwe akorwa n’aborozi bashya.

UBUROBYI: Uburyo bwo Gutera Amafi mu Cyuzi Neza

Ese hari igihe wigeze wibaza impamvu bamwe mu borozi b’amafi babona umusaruro mwinshi, mu gihe abandi bahora bavuga igihombo? Ikibazo kiboneka mu ntangiriro mugikorwa cyo gutera amafi mu cyuzi. Iyo iki gikorwa gikozwe nabi, amafi ahora arwara, agakura buhoro cyangwa akicwa n’ubucucike. Ariko iyo gikozwe neza, amafi akura mu buryo bwihuse kandi umworozi agasanga ishoramari rye rifite umumaro.

Iyi nkuru igufasha kumenya ibyo ugomba kwitaho kugira ngo gutera amafi mu cyuzi neza biguhe umusaruro ushimishije, haba mu rwego rwo korora ku giti cyawe cyangwa gukora ubucuruzi buhoraho.

 Gutera Amafi mu Cyuzi Neza: Ibisobanuro By’ingenzi

Gutera amafi mu cyuzi si ugufata amafi ukayaroha yose mu mazi gusa. Ni igikorwa gitekerejweho, kigenzurwa, kandi gishingiye ku bumenyi. Ni bwo umworozi agomba kumenya ibi bikurikira:

• Ubwoko bw’amafi bukwiye icyuzi cyawe,
• Umubare w’amafi ashobora gutera(umuabre ukwiranye n'ingano y'icyuzi),
• N’ingamba zo kurinda amafi indwara n’ibyago.

Mu Rwanda, cyane cyane mu misozi ya Musanze, Burera na Rubavu, ubu buryo bw’ubworozi bugaragaza amahirwe menshi yo kongera umusaruro no kwinjiza amafaranga. Soma byinshi hano FAO – Fish Farming Guide

Impamvu Gutera Amafi Neza Ari Ingenzi

1. Kugira Umusaruro Mwinshi

Gutera amafi mu cyuzi neza bituma buri fi ibona umwanya uhagije n’ibiryo bihagije. Ibi bihita bigaragara mu kwihuta mu m’imikurire n’ubunini ku isoko.

2. Kurinda Indwara

Amafi aterwa mu rugero rukwiye akura afite ubuzima bwiza. Ubucucike bukabije butuma indwara zikwira kwira vuba, ndetse ntizikure neza muburyo bushimishije. Bityo rero iyo bikozwe nabi bihombya umworozi.

3. Kugabanya Igihombo

Umworozi udafashe umwanya wo gutegura stocking neza akenshi asanga amafi yapfuye cyangwa adakuze. Gushyira amafi mu cyuzi muburyo bukwiye ni bwo butuma amafi akura neza bityo amafaranga yashowe agarukira umworozi.

4. Gutanga Umusaruro Uhoraho

Iyo stocking ikozwe neza, icyuzi gitanga umusaruro igihe kirekire, icyuzi kikaba isoko y’inyungu itajegajega k'umworozi w'amafi. 

 Uko Gutera Amafi Mu Cyuzi Neza Bikorwa

1. Tegura Icyuzi

• Sukura icyuzi ukuremo ibyondo byinshi cyane.
• Reba uburyo amazi yinjira n’uko asohoka.
• Gerageza kugenzura imiterere y’amazi: ubushyuhe, pH, n’icyuho cya oxygen.

Inama: mbere yo gutera amafi, shyiramo ifumbire yoroheje (nk’umurama) ifasha kongera intungamubiri mu cyuzi.

     2. Hitamo Ubwoko bw’Amafi Bwiza

Mu Rwanda, tilapia ni amafi akunze guhitwamo cyane kubera uburyo akura vuba. Catfish na carp nabyo bifite agaciro k’isoko. Kugura fingerlings zifite ubwiza  ni intangiriro y’ubworozi butanga umusaruro ushimishije.

    3. Menya Umubare W’amafi Akwiriye

Umubare w’amafi uterwa mu cyuzi ugenwa n’ingano yacyo n’ubwoko bwatoranyijwe. Zirikana ko gutera menshi cyane bikurura indwara, gutera make bikagabanya umusaruro.

            a. Uburyo busanzwe (Traditional pond)

• Mu cyuzi gisanzwe, nta bikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa bihari ndetse n’ubumenyi :
• Amafi aterwamo hagati ya 2–3 ku m².
• Urugero: icyuzi gifite 100 m² → 200–300 amafi.

           b. Uburyo bugezweho (Semi-intensive / Intensive pond)

• Bikoreshwa ibikoresho nka ifumbire, ibiryo (formulated feeds), n’imashini zongerera umwuka mu mazi (aerators).
• Umusaruro uba mwinshi cyane.
• Amafi aterwamo 5–10 ku m².
• Urugero: icyuzi cya 100 m² → 500–1,000 amafi.

           c. Iyo ari icyuzi kinini (hectare = 10,000 m²)

• Uburyo busanzwe → 20,000–30,000 amafi / ha.
• Uburyo bugezweho → 50,000–100,000 amafi / ha.

            d. Ibindi bigenzurwa

• Ubujyakuzimu bw’icyuzi: bwiza buri hagati ya 1–1.5 m.
• Ubwoko bw’amafi: nka Tilapia, Clarias (inkweto), cyangwa Carp.
• Ubushobozi bwo kubona ibiryo n’isoko: iyo ibiryo biri bike, ugabanya umubare w’amafi.

    Inama: Banza wipimire neza ubuso bw’icyuzi cyawe (uburebure × ubugari). 

    4. Uburyo bwo Gutera Amafi

    

Amafi ntabwo ashyirwa mu mazi uko bishakiye gusa. Ni ngombwa kubanza kuyamenyereza (acclimatization).

• Shyira amafi mu kantu gato k’icyuzi igihe gito kugira ngo amenyere amazi mashya.(Baza umutechnicien muby'amafi akwerekere).
• Nyuma y’iminota mike, uyarekura gahoro gahoro mu cyuzi.

    5. Kurinda Icyuzi Nyuma yo Gutera

• Hindura amazi buri gihe, reba ubushyuhe na pH.
• Fata ingamba zo kwirinda ibisambo n’abajura.
• Shyiriramo gahunda y’ibiryo bihoraho, byujuje intungamubiri.

    Inama Zifatika ku Mworozi

• Gutera amfi mu gihe cy’itumba akenshi ni byiza, kuko amazi aba atari ashyushye cyane.
• Isuku y’icyuzi ni ngombwa – ntibikwiye kureka imyanda n’ibyondo byirunda mucyuzi.
• Kuganira n’aborozi bafite ubunararibonye cyangwa abajyanama mu bworozi byagufasha kwirinda amakosa.
• Kubika amakuru yose ajyanye n’ubworozi biguha uburyo bwo kugenzura no gukora igenamigambi ry’igihe kirekire.
• Rinda kandi ugenzure uburyo bwo kwirinda isuri ko yanyura mucyuzi cyawe.

Wasoma byinshi hano Intambwemu Kubaka Icyuzi cy’Amafi cya Kijyambere.

Umusozo

Gutera amafi mu cyuzi neza ni ishingiro ry’umusaruro mwiza. Iyo icyuzi cyateguwe neza, amafi agatoranywa neza kandi agaterwa mu rugero rukwiye, umworozi agira ibyishimo byo kubona amafi akura neza kandi agera ku isoko afite ireme. Soma nibindi FAO – Fish Farming Guide

Ese wowe wigeze ugerageza gutera amafi mu cyuzi cyawe? Saba inama cyangwa usangize abandi iyi nkuru kugira ngo buri mworozi w’amafi y’u Rwanda abashe kubona umusaruro mwiza kandi uhoraho.