UBUROBYI: Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Ahantu ho Kubaka Ibyuzi by’Amafi

 Menya uburyo bwo guhitamo ahantu heza ho kubaka ibyuzi by’amafi kugira ngo uburobyi bwawe bugere ku musaruro mwiza kandi burambe.

Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Ahantu ho Kubaka Ibyuzi by’Amafi

Intangiriro

Uburobyi ni kimwe mu byiciro by’ubuhinzi bigezweho bigira uruhare runini mu guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ibiribwa ndetse no kuzamura imirire ikagera kurwego rushimishije, mu bana, abagore batwite n’abonsa ndetse n’abantu bakuru, utibagiwe abasaza  n’abakecuru. Ariko kugira ngo ubworozi bw’amafi butange umusaruro wifuzwa, kimwe mubyingenzi ni uguhitamo ahantu ho kubaka ibyuzi. Guhitamo ahantu hadakwiye bishobora gutuma amafi atamera neza, umusaruro ukagabanuka, ndetse n’igihombo kikaba cyose.

Iyi nkuru iragusobanurira uburyo bwo guhitamo ahantu ho kubaka ibyuzi by’amafi, ukamenya ibimenyetso bigaragaza ahantu heza, akamaro kabyo, ndetse n’ingamba wakoresha kugira ngo ubyaze umusaruro mwiza aho wubatse.

Kuki Guhitamo Ahantu heza ho Kubaka Ibyuzi by’Amafi Ari Ingenzi?

Iyo ufite gahunda yo gutangira gukora ubworozi bw’amafi, ntabwo bihagije kugira  amafaranga cyangwa amafi gusa. Guhitamo aho uzakorera ubworozi bw’amafi ni inking ikomeye cyane yo kugera k’umusaruro ushimishije. Zimwe mumpamvu ukwiyekumenya zituma ugomba guhitamo neza ndetse ugashishoza mbere yo gutangira umushinga wawe wo Korora amafi.

• Ibyuzi byubatswe ahantu heza bitanga umusaruro mwinshi. Amafi akura neza mu gihe amazi afite ireme, atemba neza kandi ahagije.
• Byorohereza imicungire. Iyo ibyuzi biri ahantu hagutse, hagerwaho n’ibikoresho byoroshye, biba byoroshye gutunganya uburobyi ndetse n’ubworozi bw’amafi, bityo n’umusaruro ukabasha kugezwa ku isoko byoroshye.
• Birinda igihombo. Guhitamo ahantu hatari heza bishobora kuvamo indwara, isuri, cyangwa gukama kw’amazi bitunguranye bigatera igihombo.

 Ibyo Ugomba Kuzirikana mu Guhitamo Ahantu ho Kubaka Ibyuzi by’Amafi

1. Ubwoko bw’Ubutaka

• Ubutaka bukwiye kugira ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi neza (clay soils ni nziza kurusha sandy soils).
• Ubutaka bworoheje kandi budafite ibyuzi byinshi ni bwo bukwiye.
• Kugira isesengura ry’ubutaka (soil test)Nibyiza kandi irakwiriye ko habanza gukorwa isesengura rihagije ry’ubutaka, bifasha kumenya niba ubutaka bufite ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi igihe kirekire.

                    Ishusho 1 : Ubutaka burimo umusenyi vs  Ubutaka bw’ibumba

2. Umuyoboro w’Amazi

• Ahantu hari isoko y’amazi yizewe ni ho hatorwa: imigezi, imigezi mito, amasoko y’amazi y’ikirere, cyangwa amazi yo munsi y’ubutaka (underground water).
• Amazi agomba kugira ireme: Ireme ry’amazi rigomba kuba Atari uko ayo mazi yangiritse cyangwa yanduye n’imyanda y’inganda.
• Buri gihe hagomba kubaho uburyo bwo kwinjiza no gusohora amazi mu cyuzi. Ni ingenzi cyane kuzirikana guhinduranya amazi yo mucyuzi.

3. Imiterere y’Ubuso (Topography)

• Ahantu hitaruye isuri, hamanuka gahoro (gentle slope 1–3%) kugira ngo amazi atembera neza.
• Ibi byorohereza no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusohora amazi (drainage).
• Kudahitamo ahantu hakunze gutwarwa n’imyuzure.
• Kure gato y’imigezi ikunda kuzura mugihe k’imvura.
• Hagomba kuba ari hejuru (hafite ubutumburuke) buri hejuru y’bwimigezi itemba iri hafi aho.

4. Ibihe n’Ihindagurika ry’Ikirere

• Ahantu hakonja cyane ntihakurira amafi nk’uko bigenda mu turere dufite ubushyuhe buringaniye (20–30°C).
• Ahantu hatuma izuba rigera ku cyuzi bizana ubushyuhe bukenewe mu gukura kw’amafi.
• Ikingenzi hano wazirikana, guhora upima ubushyuhe buri mu mazi nabyo ni ingenzi, bituma umenya imihandagurikire y’ikirere.
• Kuzirikana imiterere n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bigufasha no kumenya igihe cya nyacyo cyo kugaburira amafi.
• Ni ingenzi cyane guhitamo ahanntu ubushyuhe buhora buri hagatai ya degree 25-30^o C, aha niho heza cyane, amafi akura neza muri iyo ntera y’ubushyuhe.

5. Uburyo bwo kugera ku Cyuzi

• Kugira inzira zoroshye zo kugera aho ubworozi bw’amafi buri  bifasha mu gutwara ibikoresho, ibiryo, imiti, abahasura, amafi n’imfashanyigisho, ndetse n’abajyanama mu by’ubworozi bw’amafi.
• Mugihe bishoboka, ushobora gukoresha ubwikorezi buhendutse igihe cyose ushaka kugurisha cyangwa kongera amafi mu cyuzi.
• Ni ingenzi cyane kwita kuburyo bwo kugera kucyuzi, kuko byoroha kuhageza inyongera musaruro.

6. Isoko ry'umusaruro

Abahanga mubijyanye n’ubukungu bw’ubworozi bw’amafi, bavugako iyo ubworozi bw’amafi bukorewe hafi y’umujyi cyangwa y’isoko byoroha kandi bikagufasha kutazamura ibiciro ushingiye k’ubwikorezi bw’ibiryo ndetse n’umusaruro.

7. Umutekano n’miturire

Abahanga banibutsa ko ari ingenzi cyane kwita k’umutekano. Ahantu hatari umutekano cyangwa hategereye cyane imidugudu itekanye hashoora guteza ikibazo cyo kwibwa amafi cyangwa amafi akabangamirwa  n’inyamaswa cyangwa abantu.

8. Ibikorwaremezo

Ningombwa cyane kwita no gusuzuma niba ibikorwa remezo bihari kandi bikora,  bimeze neza, urugero nk'imihanda izagufasha kugeza umusaruro wawe ku isoko, amashanyarazi yagufasha mu bikorwa bitandukanye bituma ubworozi bugenda neza, harimo no kubika umusaruro mugihe utegerejwe kujyanwa ku isoko.

9. Abakeba

Kumenya abandi bakora ubworozi bw’amafi bari mu karere ukoreramo nabyo ni ingenzi mu rwego rwo gukorana no kwisungana mu gukemura ibibazo muhura nabyo mu kazi ka buri munsi.

10. Ibidukikije

Ningombwa cyane nk'umuntu ugiye gukora ubworozi bw'amafi kureba niba ahantu hagiye gukorerwa ubworozi bw’amafi nta bindi bikorwa bihari bizabubangamira. Urugero: ibihingwa bikenera guterwa imiti, inganda cyangwa ibindi bikorwa byanduza amazi. Suzuma niba ubworozi bwawe nta bindi bikorwa buzabangamira cyane cyane amazi azaturuka mu byuzi wororera mo.

11. Inzitizi z’amategeko

Ugiye gukora ubworozi bw'amafi ugomba gusuzuma, niba aho ugiye kororera amafi nta mategeko cyangwa amabwiriza y’ubuyobozi yabangamira ibikorwa byawe. Ibi ningenzi cyane kumenya icyo aho hantu amategeko n'amabwiriza ahateganyiriza kuba hazakoreshwa. Reba niba nta mategeko cyangwa amabwiriza yihariye ugomba kubahiriza ari ku bijyanye n’ikoreshwa ry’ubutaka, ifatwa n’ikoreshwa ry’amazi n’ibindi.

Soma ibindi bisa n'ibi hano Ubworozi bw'amafi mu Rwanda- Pond-Kinya 2020

Ingero z’Aho Ibyuzi Byubakwa neza

• Mu turere twa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba nka Rwanda, Uganda, na Tanzania, muri ibi bihugu, uibyuzi byinshi byubakwa mu misozi igana ku migezi mito.
• Mu Bushinwa na Vietnam, ahantu hatorwa hifashishwa imiterere y’ubutaka kugira ngo ibyuzi bibe byinshi kandi bigere ku musaruro mwinshi.

 Soma inkuru yacu ku Uburobyi mu Rwanda 2025

  Ingero z’Aho ibyuzi byubatse neza mu Rwanda

1. Musanze – Mu misozi ikikije Pariki y’Ibirunga

• Impamvu nyamukuru: Hafi y’amasoko y’amazi akonje kandi meza ava mu misozi ya pariki.
• Ibyiza: Ubutaka bwaho bufite ibumba bukwiriye gufata amazi neza, ndetse haba hafi y’amasoko y’isoko ry’umujyi wa Musanze.
• Ingero: Abororeramo amafi nka Tilapia na Trout kuko ikirere gikonje kibereye amafi akunda amazi akonje.

2. Nyagatare – Mu Ntara y’Uburasirazuba

• Impamvu nyamukuru: Hari ubutaka bwagutse butambitse, bworohereza kubaka ibyuzi binini.
• Ibyiza: Ikirere cyaho gitanga ubushyuhe hagati ya 25–30°C, cyiza cyane ku mafi nka Tilapia.
• Ingero: Aborozi benshi bahurira mu makoperative yubaka ibyuzi bifasha umusaruro mwinshi kandi ugemurwa mu mijyi nka Kigali.

3. Rwamagana na Bugesera – Mu Karere k’Iburasirazuba

• Impamvu nyamukuru: Hegereye ibiyaga n’amashyamba atanga amazi ahoraho.
• Ibyiza: Kubera ko bikikijwe n’imijyi minini (Kigali na Rwamagana), byorohereza amasoko yihuse y’amafi.
• Ingero: Ubworozi bwa Tilapia na Catfish bwahageze ku rwego rw’ubucuruzi, bufasha abaturage kubona amafaranga no kongera ibiribwa.

4. Rubavu – Hegereye Ikivu

• Impamvu nyamukuru: Ikivu gitanga amazi ahoraho kandi meza.
• Ibyiza: Ubutaka buri hafi y’ikiyaga bworohereza kubaka ibyuzi byo mu nzuzi ntoya ziva mu kiyaga.
• Ingero: Hari ingero z’aborozi bakoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo kubangikanya ibyuzi n’uburobyi bwo mu Kivu.

5. Huye na Nyanza – Mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo

• Impamvu nyamukuru: Aha hantu hari amazi ava mu misozi no mu migezi mito, ndetse ubutaka bwaho bufite ibumba bwiza.
• Ibyiza: Bikikijwe n’ibigo by’amashuri y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (nk’iy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi i Busogo cyangwa Huye), bityo bikorohera kubona ubufasha bwa tekiniki.
• Ingero: Aborozi bahakorera bakora cyane ku mishinga y’amasomo no ku bufatanye n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi.

Inama z’Abahanga ku Guhitamo Ahantu ho gukorera ubworozi bw’amafi

1. Kora ubushakashatsi mbere yo kubaka. Shaka inama z’abajyanama b’uburobyi (aquaculture experts).
2. Gerageza gukoresha GPS n’ikarita kugira ngo umenye neza aho amazi ava n’uko atembera.
3. Itegure uburyo bwo kurinda icyuzi cyawe kwangizwa n’isuri cyangwa inyamaswa.
4. Reba neza ko hari amazi ahoraho. Ahantu uhitamo hagomba kuba haboneka amazi meza  kandi ahoraho, adafite uburo cyangwa ibindi biyanduza. niba amazi ava mu migezi cg ku isoko, nibyiza ko akorerwa isuuma mbere yo kuyakoresha.
5. Itakumabwiriza agenga ubutaka mugace ugiye gukoreramo cyangwa wahisemo gukoreramo ubworozi bw'amafi.
6. Reba neza ko ntabindi bikorwa bishoor akubangamirwa cyangwa wowe bikakubangamira.

Ibyiza byo Guhitamo Ahantu Heza

• Kongera umusaruro: amafi akura vuba kandi menshi.
• Kurinda indwara: amazi yizewe atuma amafi atarwara cyane.
• Kugabanya igihombo: ibyuzi ntibyangirika byoroshye.
• Kongera inyungu: ubucuruzi bw’uburobyi bugera ku isoko bufite agaciro. Soma ibindi hano Inyungu ziva mu burobyi na  Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) – Aquaculture Site Selection

Umwanzuro

Guhitamo ahantu ho kubaka ibyuzi by’amafi ni intambwe ya mbere mu rugendo rwo kugera k'umusaruro wifuzwa mu bucuruzi bw’uburobyi. Iyo uhisemo ahantu heza, amafi akura neza, umusaruro ukaba mwinshi kandi urambye. Ibi ni byo bituma uburobyi bwiyongera, bukarinda ibibazo by’ibiribwa ndetse bugatanga inyungu ku mucuruzi.

Waba uteganya gutangira uburobyi cyangwa se ufite icyuzi ushaka kunoza? Sangiza iyi nkuru ku bandi bakunda uburobyi, kandi ukomeze gusoma izindi nyandiko zacu zigufasha kugira umusaruro mwiza mu buhinzi n’ubworozi.