Rwanda: Uko Uburobyi mu Rwanda Buhagaze muri 2025

Uburobyi ni kimwe mu byiciro bifasha mu bukungu n’imibereho y’Abanyarwanda—dore ishusho y’uko buhagaze muri 2025.

Uko Uburobyi mu Rwanda Buhagaze muri 2025

Intangiriro

Uburobyi mu Rwanda, mu myaka yashize, bwagiye buhura n’imbogamizi nyinshi ariko nanone bukagaragaza amahirwe akomeye mu guteza imbere ubukungu n’imibereho y’abaturage cyane cyane mukuzahura imirire y’abaturage. Mu mwaka wa 2025, ikibazo cy’ibiribwa bikomoka mu mazi bidahagije no kunoza imirire kikomeje kuba mu ngingo z’ingenzi abayobozi b’igihugu ndetse nabaturage muri rusange ba gihanganye nazo. Kubwiyo mapmvu, uburobyi, cyane cyane ubwo mu biyaga nka Kivu, Muhazi, na Rweru, ndetse n’ubworozi bw’amafi mu byuzi bito, ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko bushobora kuba igisubizo kirambye(k’igihe kirekire).

Uraza kugera k’umusozo w’iyi nkuru umaze kubona uko uburobyi mu Rwanda buhagaze muri uyu mwaka wa 2025, aho tugeze mu iterambere, ibibazo bikigaragara, amahirwe ari imbere, ndetse n’uko ingamba za Leta, abashoramari n’abaturage bagira uruhare mu guhindura uru rwego uburobyi buriho uyu bukagera kurwego rushimishije ndetse mpuzamahanga.

Uburobyi mu Rwanda muri rusange

Uburobyi ni igice cy’ubuhinzi gifite uruhare runini mu mibereho y’abaturage. U Rwanda rufite ibiyaga, imigezi n’ibyuzi byinshi bifasha mu korora no kuroba amafi atandukanye.

1. Ibyiza bifatika: Amafi atanga poroteyine nyinshi, bikaba igisubizo mu kurwanya imirire mibi mu bana, mubakuze n’urubyiruko.
2. Ubukungu: Uretse gutunga aborozi n’abarobyi, uburobyi butanga akazi mu bucuruzi, gutunganya amafi no kubigeza ku masoko.
3. Ibyiciro: Harimo uburobyi bwo mu mazi karemano (nk’isambaza mu Kivu) ndetse n’ubworozi bw’amafi mu byuzi byabugenewe (fish farming).

Iterambere ryabonetse mu 2025

1.    Kongerwa k’ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro amafi

-       Inzego z’ubuyobozi zashyize imbaraga mu gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga mu kuroba, harimo imirasire ikoreshwa nijoro mu kuroba isambaza (aha twavuga nko mukiyaga cya Kivu).

-       Abashoramari bashya binjiye mu bworozi bw’amafi mu byuzi byigenga, ibyo byagabanyije icyuho cy’inyongeramusaruro (ibiryo bikoreshwa bagaburira amafi).

2.    Amashuri n’ubushakashatsi

- Amashuri makuru na kaminuza y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi yongereye ubushakashatsi ku biryo by’amafi, ubuzima bwazo hano twavuga kurwanya indwara zibasira amafi, n’imikorere y’amasoko kuburyo burambye.

-       Habonetse ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza amafi yo kororoka (fingerlings) ku borozi bato, bigabanya ikibazo cyo kutagira ibibumbiro bihagije (hatchery).

Umusaruro w'Amafi mu Rwanda (Toni), 2025

 Dukurikije amakuru aturuka muri Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi (MINAGRI), umusaruro w'amafi mu Rwanda wariyongereye uva kuri toni 41,664 mu 2021 ukagera kuri toni 43,560 mu 2022. Raporo y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n'ubuhinzi (FAO) yo muri Kamena 2024, yemeje ko umusaruro wose w'amafi (uburobyi n'ubworozi) wageze kuri toni 45,000 mu 2022. 

Gahunda ya kane y'impinduramatwara mu by'ubuhinzi (PSTA4) yari ifite intego yo kugera ku musaruro wa toni 112,000 z'amafi buri mwaka bitarenze 2024. Nubwo iyi ntego itagezweho, Leta y'u Rwanda yakomeje gushyiraho ingamba zo kongera umusaruro, harimo korohereza abashoramari mu bworozi bw'amafi no kongera imbuto z'amafi. Soma ibindi Imibare y’uburobyi bw’amafi mu Rwanda, Kigali Todaykigalitoday

Imbonerahamwe yerekana umusaruro w'amafi kuva 2022-2025 (minagri.gov.rw).

Umwaka	Umusaruro (Toni)	Ibisobanuro
2022	43,560 - 45,000	Imibare yemewe na MINAGRI na FAO.
2023	15,800 (Iteganijwe)	Iteganyamibare ryakozwe n'ikigo ReportLinker.
2024	112,000 (Intego)	Intego ya Guverinoma muri PSTA4.
2025	Nta teganijwe	Nta mibare iraboneka.
2028	29,000 (Iteganijwe)	Iteganyamibare ryakozwe n'ikigo ReportLinker.

Biragaragara ko hari itandukaniro rinini hagati y'intego za Leta n'iteganyamibare ry'ibigo byigenga. Impamvu z'uku kugenda buhoro mu musaruro w'amafi zivugwa harimo umubare muto w'abashoramari, ikibazo cy'ibiryo by'amafi bihenze kandi bike, no kutabona imbuto zihagije(fingersings). (minagri.gov.rw).

Ibibazo bikigaragara mu bworozi bw’amafi mu Rwanda

Nubwo hari intambwe yatewe, hari ibibazo bikomeye bikigaragara:

1. Ubuke bw’ibiryo by’amafi (Feeds)

Aborozi benshi baracyahura n’ikibazo cyo kutabona ibiryo bihagije (feed) kandi bihendutse, bigatuma amafi yabo adakura neza.

2. Uburobyi butemewe

Mu biyaga nka Kivu, hari abarobyi bagikoresha uburyo butemewe butuma amafi akiri matoya yangizwa bityo bigahungabanya ubworozi burambye.

3. Isoko ritari rinini(Isoko ridahagije)

Nubwo amafi ari menshi, uburyo bwo kuyatunganya no kuyabika (cold chain systems) buracyari hasi, bigatuma habaho igihombo mu gihe cy’umusaruro mwinshi.

4. Imihindagurikire y’ikirere

Impinduka z’ikirere zikomeje kugira ingaruka ku buhinzi n’uburobyi, cyane cyane mu biyaga no mu migezi.

Akamaro k’uburobyi mu mibereho y’Abanyarwanda

Amakuru dukesha FAO – Fisheries and Aquaculture, igaragaza ko Inyungu ziva mu burobyi ni nyinshi kandi zigira uruhare mu bukungu, mu mibereho y’abaturage ndetse no mu kurengera ibidukikije. Dore zimwe mu nyungu nyamukuru:

1. Inyungu ku bukungu

• Kongera umusaruro: Uburobyi butanga inyama z’amafi zifite agaciro ku isoko imbere mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
• Akazi ku baturage: Abantu benshi babona akazi mu kuroba, gutunganya amafi, kuyacuruza no kuyatunganya mu nganda.
• Kongera amafaranga yinjira mu gihugu: Aho uburobyi bukorwa ku bwinshi, amafi ajyanwa ku masoko mpuzamahanga, bikazana amadovize.

2. Inyungu ku mibereho myiza y’abantu

• Ibiribwa bifite intungamubiri: Amafi atanga proteyine nyinshi, amavuta ya Omega-3, ibyongera imbaraga n’intungamubiri zifasha ubuzima.
• Kunoza imirire: Uburibywi bufasha mu kurwanya imirire mibi, cyane cyane mu bana bato n’abagore batwite.
• Ubukungu bw’ingo(abarombyi): Imiryango ibasha kubona amafaranga yo kwikenura nko kwishyura ishuri, ubuvuzi n’ibindi.

3. Inyungu ku bidukikije

• Kurengera umutungo kamere: Uburobyi buteguwe neza bushobora gufasha kugabanya igitutu cyo kuroba cyane mu biyaga n’imigezi.
• Gukoresha amazi neza: Ibyuzi by’amafi bishobora guhurizwa hamwe n’ubuhinzi (aquaponics), bigatanga umusaruro w’igihe kirekire.

• Guhindura ubukungu bushingiye ku bidukikije: Uburobyi bwunganira ubukerarugendo, cyane cyane aho amazi n’amafi byongera ubwiza bw’ibidukikije. N’ubusanzwe ibiyaga bikurura abakerarugendo bashaka kumenya uburobyi gakondo.

4. Inyungu ku iterambere ry’igihugu

• Gutanga isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu: Amafi yongera ubwinshi bw’ibiribwa ku masoko yegereye abaturage.
• Kongera ubushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga: Uburibywi bushishikariza amashuri makuru, abashakashatsi n’abikorera gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

• Kugabanya ubushomeri: Bitewe no kongera amahirwe y’akazi, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko ruba rukeneye imirimo. Ubworozi bw’amafi butanga akazi kubabantu ibihumbi barimo aborozi, abarobyi, abacuruzi, n’abatunganya amafi babona imibereho muri uru rwego. Soma byinshi hano Iterambere ry’ubworozi bw’amafi mu Rwanda

Ingero zifatika mubworozi bw’amafi Rwanda

1.    Uburobyi bw’isambaza mu Kivu

Isambaza zifite agaciro kanini mu bukungu n’imirire. Zihariye isoko rinini mu Rwanda no mu karere. Ariko zikomeje guhura n’ibibazo by’uburobyi butemewe n’umusaruro utajyanye n’isoko (Umusaruro uracyari muke).(source: Kigalitoday)

2.    Ubworozi bw’amafi mu byuzi bito

Mu turere twa Nyagatare, Gicumbi na Musanze, aborozi bato batangiye kugerageza ubworozi bw’amafi mu byuzi bito, aho amafi nka Tilapia na Clarias akomeje kwiyongera.

Amahihwe n’icyerekezo cy’uburobyi mu Rwanda

• Ikoranabuhanga: Hitezwe gukoresha smart farming mu kuroba no mu bworozi bw’amafi, harimo gukoresha drones n’ibikoresho bipima ibipimo by’amazi.
• Isoko ryo hanze: Amafi yo mu Rwanda ashobora kuzajya ashyirwa ku masoko yo hanze mu gihe ubuziranenge bwaba bwubahirijwe.
• Ubushakashatsi: Kongera ubushakashatsi ku mafunguro y’amafi hakoreshejwe ibinyabuzima bisanzwe (probiotics, algae, na spirulina).

Inama n’amasomo yakurwamo

1.    Leta n’abikorera bakwiye gushora imari mu gukora amafeed y’amafi ahendutse.

2.    Gukaza ubugenzuzi ku burobyi butemewe.

3.    Kongera uburyo bwo kubika amafi (cold storage).

4.    Gushyiraho amasoko ahoraho yihariye y’amafi mu gihugu.

5.    Gukangurira urubyiruko kwinjira muri uru rwego rw’uburobyi.

 Soma nibindi hano: Uko ikoranabuhanga rihindura uburobyi muri Afurika

Imishinga ikomeye igamije kuzamura uburobyi n’ubworozi bw’amafi:

• Guverinoma ifite umushinga ufashijwe na Belgique ku gaciro ka €15 miliyoni, ugamije kuzamura umusaruro mu bworozi bw’amafi mu myaka itanu iri imbere. Umushinga uzibanda ku kongera amafeed aboneka, agahenduka kandi afite ubwiza, ndetse no guhugura abaturage mu buryo bworoshye bwo korora amafi (affordable fish farming techniques) (Tridge).
• Hariho kandi gahunda y’igihugu yiswe National Aquaculture Strategy (2023–2035) igamije guteza imbere ubworozi bw’amafi mu buryo burambye kandi bufite akamaro ku bukungu n’imibereho myiza by’abanyarwanda (minagri.gov.rw).

Mu rwego rw’Afurika: politike nshya zikomeje gutangazwa ziteza imbere uburobyi n’ubworozi bw’amafi, hashingiwe ku rugero rw’iyiyongereye ry’ubworozi bw’amafi muri Africa (byarazamutse inshuro zirenga 5, kugeza kuri 2.5 miliyoni MT mu 2022). Raporo ya Malabo Montpellier igaragaza ko guteza imbere iyi mirimo bizafasha kuzamura umutekano w’ibiribwa n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. U Rwanda rushobora gukura isomo muri izo modele z’ibindi bihugu (Expertini).

Ingero z’Imibare mu Mbonerahamwe

Icyerekezo	Ibisobanuro
Umusaruro w’amafi (2022)	Capture: 32 700 t, muri rusange: 45 000 t
Intego (2024, PSTA-4)	112 000 t buri mwaka
Inzitizi	Uburobyi bwonyine budahagije, ibikoresho bike, uburobyi butemewe, ibura ry’amafaranga n’ibiryo bya feed.
Imishinga ifatika	€15M y’u Bufaransa ku bworozi bw’amafi, National Aquaculture Strategy (2023–2035)
Amaherezo afatika	Gahunda z’Afurika za Malabo/Montpellier zigaragaza amahirwe y’uburobyi n’ubworozi bw'amafi.

Umusozo

Mu 2025, uburobyi mu Rwanda buri hagati y’iterambere n’imbogamizi. Hari ibyo tumaze kugeraho mu kongera umusaruro no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, ariko ikibazo cy’ibiryo by’amafi, isoko ritari rinini, n’uburobyi butemewe kiracyabangamira uru rwego. Ariko kandi, amahirwe ari imbere ni menshi kandi arashobora guhindura uburobyi mu nkingi y’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.

Soma nibindi hano: WorldFish – Sustainable Aquaculture

 Uramutse ushaka kumenya uko ushobora kwinjira mu bworozi bw’amafi mu Rwanda cyangwa kubona ubufasha mu gutangiza igikorwa cyawe? Siga igitekerezo cyawe hasi cyangwa sangiza iyi nkuru n’abandi kugira ngo tuganire ku mahirwe ari mu bworozi bw’amafi.