UBUROBYI: Ibipimo by’ingenzi mu bworozi bw’amafi n’uburyo bwo kubifata neza

 

Mu bworozi bw’amafi, ibintu bitatu bigira uruhare rukomeye mu buzima no mu mikurire yabo ni ubushyuhe, pH, na oxygen mu mazi. Ibi bipimo bitatu ni byo shingiro ry’ubuzima bwa buri pfish (fish stock), bikaba bigena uburyo amafi asohora imyanda, yihagarika, ashyira ibiryo mu mubiri, n’uko arwanya indwara.

Nubwo benshi mu borozib’amafi bibanda gusa ku biryo n’amazi, uburyo ayo mazi yifashe ni bwo butanga icyerekezo cy’uko umusaruro uzaba umeze. Uko wamenya neza uko ubushyuhe, pH, na oxygen bihagaze, niko wongera amahirwe yo kugira amafi akura neza kandi afite ubuzima bwiza.

Kuki gukurikirana ubushyuhe, pH, na oxygen ari ingenzi mu bworozi bw’amafi?

Ubuzima bw’amafi bushingiye ku buryo amazi yabo yifashe. Iyo ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi — ubushyuhe, pH, na oxygen — bidahagaze neza, amafi ahura n’ibibazo byinshi birimo:

• Kugabanyuka k’umuvuduko w’imikurire

• Kugabanuka k’ubushobozi bwo gusohora imyanda

• Kwandura indwara zituruka ku myanda cyangwa amazi atari meza

• Gupfa kw’amafi (fish mortality) bitewe n’amazi adafite oxygen ihagije

Nk’uko FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) ibigaragaza, gucunga neza ibi bipimo by’ingenzi byongera umusaruro ku kigero kirenga 25% ugereranyije n’abatarabigira gahunda.

 FAO Aquaculture Water Quality Guidelines, 2023

Ubushyuhe (Temperature) mu Mazi n’Uko Bugira Ingaruka ku Mafi

Umumaro w’ubushyuhe mu mikurire y’amafi

Ubushyuhe ni kimwe mu bipimo bifata iyambere mu bugingo bw’amafi. Amafi ni poikilothermic animals, bivuze ko ubushyuhe bw’umubiri wabo bushingira ku buzima bw’amazi abamo. Iyo ubushyuhe buri munsi cyangwa hejuru y’ibisanzwe, ibyo kurya biratakara, amafi akagabanya umuvuduko w’imikorere y’umubiri (metabolism).

Ibipimo byiza by’ubushyuhe ugendeye ku bwoko bw'amafi:

• Tilapia: 26°C – 30°C

• Catfish: 25°C – 32°C

• Carp: 20°C – 28°C

Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 35°C, oxygen igabanuka cyane mu mazi, amafi agatangira kubura umwuka.

Gukurikirana ubushyuhe n’oxygen mu bworozi bw’amafi

Uburyo bwo gukurikirana ubushyuhe

Koresha digital thermometer cyangwa smart sensor systems nka:

• Aqua TROLL 500 (In-Situ)

• YSI ProDSS (Multiparameter)

Soma byinshi ku bikoresho by’ubworozi bwa kijyambere FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 623, 2024)

H2: PH mu Mazi — Kureba Uburinganire hagati ya Acid na Base

 Impamvu pH ari ngombwa

pH igaragaza uko amazi ari — acidic cyangwa alkaline. Iyo iri hagati ya 6.5 – 8.5, amafi abaho neza kandi ibiryo bikoreshwa neza. Iyo pH iri hasi cyane (<6), amafi atabasha gukuramo intungamubiri; iyo iri hejuru cyane (>9), itera ihungabana ry’ubuhumekero.

Ingaruka z’imyanda ku pH

Ibintu nk’ibiryo bisigaye, imyanda y’amafi, n’ibindi byangiza amazi bigabanya pH. Ni yo mpamvu filtration na aeration ari ingenzi.

 Soma n'ibindi byinshi hano Aquaculture Water Quality Management – FAO Manual

 Uburyo bwo gupima pH

• Digital pH Meter: byoroshye, byihuse, bigenzurwa buri munsi.

• Test strips: byiza ku bantu batangiye ubworozi buto.

Boyd, C.E., 2023. Water Quality in Ponds for Aquaculture.

            Kumenya pH y’amazi mu kivu cy’amafi

 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) – Umwuka Amafi Ahumeka

Akamaro k’Oxygen mu Mazi

Oxygen is the life of water. Iyo oxygen iri hasi cyane (<4 mg/L), amafi ahura n’ibibazo byo kubura umwuka, akarya bike, akagenda gahoro cyangwa agapfa.

Uburyo bwo Gukurikirana Oxygen

• DO Meters (Digital): nka Hanna Instruments HI98193

• Smart monitoring systems: zihuza na smartphone cyangwa computer kugira ngo utangazwe igihe oxygen igabanutse.

 Reba uko ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu bworozi bw’amafi

Uburyo bwo Gukosora Oxygen Ntoya

• Gukoresha aerators (surface blowers cyangwa paddle wheels)

• Guhindura amazi make buri cyumweru

• Kugabanya ubwinshi bw’amafi mu kivu cyangwa tanki

WorldFish Center, 2024 – Aquaculture Oxygenation Practices)

 Uko Ibi Bipimo Byose Bikora Hamwe (Interaction Between Temperature, pH & DO)

Ibi bipimo ntibikora ukwabyo. Iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongereye, oxygen igabanuka; iyo oxygen igabanutse, pH nayo irahinduka. Ukoreshe integrated monitoring system kugira ngo byose bikurikirane icyarimwe.

 Inyungu z’uburyo buhurijwe hamwe (smart monitoring):

• Kugabanya urupfu rw’amafi

• Kumenya kare impinduka mu mazi

• Gukoresha neza ibiryo

• Kongera umusaruro

Soma byinshi hano FAO Smart Aquaculture Report, 2025

Ibikoresho Bigezweho byo Gukurikirana Ubwiza bw’Amazi

Izina ry’Igikoresho	Icyo Gikora	Igiciro (USD)	Aho kigurwa
YSI ProDSS	pH, DO, Temp	$1200	ysi.com
Hanna HI98193	DO, Temp	$850	hannainst.com
Aqua TROLL 500	Multi-parameter	$1300	in-situ.com

(Reference: FAO Aquaculture Equipment Catalogue, 2024)

Ingamba z’Imicungire (Best Practices) mu Gukurikirana Ibi Bipimo

1. Kugenzura buri munsi: ku manywa na nijoro

2. Gufata icyemezo vuba: igihe oxygen igabanutse cyangwa pH ihindutse

3. Kugabanya imyanda: ntukarenze ku biryo

4. Kwitabaza ikoranabuhanga: ukoreshe sensors zifite alarm

5. Kwigisha abakozi: kugira ngo basobanukirwe uko bipimwa

 Ibyo Gukoresha mu Rwanda no mu Bihugu bya Afurika

Mu Rwanda, gahunda za Smart Aquaculture ziri kwiyongera cyane cyane muri Musanze, Bugesera, na Gatsibo. Urubuga FarmXpert Group rutanga amahugurwa n’ubujyanama ku buryo bwo gukurikirana ibi bipimo hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rihendutse kandi ryoroshye gukoresha.

Reba uko smart aquaculture ikora muri Rwanda

Umusozo

Gukurikirana ubushyuhe, pH, na oxygen si ibikorwa by’abahanga gusa. Ni umusingi w’ubworozi bw’amafi bugezweho, butanga umusaruro, iyo bikozwe neza, byitaweho bituma amafi agira  ubuzima bwiza kandi burambye.

Sura farmxpertgroup.com kugira ngo wige byinshi ku mikorere ya smart fish farming systems, usangize iyi nkuru abandi borozi, kandi utange igitekerezo cyawe hepfo y’iyi nkuru!

Soma byinshi byerekeye ubworozi bw'amafi kuri FarmXpertGroup, LinkedIn na Facebook— nk'uburyo bubaka icyuzi.