UBWOROZI: Aborozi b'ingurube basobanuriwe uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya Muryamo mu Ngurube Zikuze n’Izimaze Amezi 2 zivutse

 

Mu gihe ubworozi bw’ingurube bukomeje gufasha aborozi mu kubungabunga ubukungu n’imibereho myiza mu cyaro, indwara za hato na hato zikomeje kuba imbogamizi zikomeye. Muri zo, indwara ya muryamo ni imwe mu zibangamira iterambere ry’ubworozi bw’ingurube cyane cyane mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’iterambere.

Aborozi benshi bibaza bati: “Ni iki gitera muryamo? Wamenya ute ko ingurube zarwaye? Uko nayivura? Nayivura nkoreshe iki?” Iyi nkuru iragusobanura buri kintu cyose ku ndwara ya muryamo — kuva ku mpamvu ziyitera, ibimenyetso, uko ivurwa, kugeza ku buryo bwo kuyirinda.

Gusobanukirwa n’Indwara ya Muryamo mu Ngurube

Muryamo ni iki mu ngurube?

Indwara ya muryamo mu ngurube ni uburwayi buterwa na mikorobe yitwa Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Iyi mikorobe ishobora kubaho igihe kirekire mu butaka cyangwa mu mwanda w’ingurube. Iyo ingurube irwaye, igira ibibazo by’uruhu, umusonga, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, ndetse rimwe na rimwe igapfa mu masaha make.

Mu ndimi z’amahanga, iyi ndwara yitwa Swine Erysipelas, nk’uko bigaragara muri FAO Animal Health Guidelines.

Uburyo iyo ndwara itera n’uko ikwirakwira

Indwara ya muryamo ikwirakwira cyane mu buryo bukurikira:

• Kugaburira ingurube ibiryo cyangwa amazi byanduye;
• Kudakora isuku mu kiraro;
• Kubura gahunda y’ikingira;
• Gusangira ibikoresho hagati y’ingurube zarwaye n’izitararwara.

Iyi mikorobe ikunda gutera cyane mu gihe cy’imvura cyangwa igihe ubushyuhe buri hejuru, kuko ahanini aribwo ingurube ziba zifite stress nyinshi.

Ibimenyetso by’Indwara ya Muryamo mu Ngurube

Ibimenyetso bya muryamo biratandukanye bitewe n’imyaka y’ingurube cyangwa urwego indwara igezeho.

1️. Ibimenyetso mu ngurube zimaze amezi abiri zivutse

• Kurambirwa, kutarya neza;
• Ubushyuhe bwinshi (fever);
• Uruhu rutangira kugaragaraho utumenyo tw’amaraso (red patches);
• Kugwa hasi no kunanirwa guhagarara;
• Kubura ubushake bwo kunywa amazi.

2️. Ibimenyetso mu ngurube zikuze

• Umubiri ukonja cyangwa ugashyushya cyane;
• Uruhu rugaragaraho ibishushanyo by’umutima cyangwa by’udukaro (diamond-shaped lesions);
• Guta ibiro cyane;
• Gutwita bikarangira ibyaye ibyapfuye;
• Kutabyara neza mu gihe cy’igihe.

Mu gihe ubonye ibi bimenyetso, ugomba guhita uvugana n’umuveterineri kuko iyo utinze, indwara yica ingurube cyangwa ikazitera ubumuga burambye.

Uburyo bwo Gupima no Kumenya Indwara ya Muryamo

Aborozi benshi bo mu cyaro bakunda kumenya muryamo binyuze mu kureba ibimenyetso. Ariko, uburyo bwizewe cyane ni:

• Isuzuma rya laboratwari: kumenya mikorobe ya Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae mu maraso cyangwa mu bindi bice by’umubiri;
• Observation field test: kureba uburyo ingurube yitwara nyuma yo guhabwa penicillin(umuti).

Soma birambuye kuri World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE): Swine Erysipelas Disease Card.

Uko Bavura Indwara ya Muryamo mu Ngurube

Kuvura muryamo bisaba gukoresha imiti yemewe n’abaganga b’inzobere mu buvuzi bw’amatungo.

Imiti ikoreshwa mu buvuzi bwa muryamo

1.   Penicillin: Ni umuti wa mbere ukora neza cyane kuri iyi ndwara.

o   Dose: 1ml kuri 10kg y’ingurube ku munsi, mu minsi 3–5.

o   Igihe cyose uzajya ukoresha Penicillin, irinde gutanga indi miti ifite antibiyotike itandukanye.

2.   Oxytetracycline cyangwa Ampicillin:
Ikoreshwa mu gihe Penicillin itabonetse cyangwa ingurube ifite allergy kuri Penicillin.

3.   Ibindi bifasha:

oVitamins B-complex kugirango zifashe ingurube gusubirana imbaraga.

o   Electrolytes n’amazi meza.

o   Ibiryo byoroshye kandi birimo intungamubiri.

Uburyo bwo gutanga imiti

• Tanga Penicillin mu misokoro cyangwa mu kibuno cy’ingurube.
• Isukure aho umenye ko yakomeretse mbere yo gutera urushinge.
• Irinde gutera mu gace kamwe inshuro nyinshi.

Kwirinda ikwirakwizwa mu kiraro

• Tandukanya ingurube zirwaye n’izitararwara.
• Sukura ibikoresho, ibyokurya n’amazi.
• Tegura ikiraro gifite isuku kandi cyumye.

Uko Warinda Indwara ya Muryamo mu Ngurube

Guhangana n’indwara ya muryamo bitangirira mu kwirinda.

1️. Isuku y’ikiraro

• Sukura ikiraro buri munsi;
• Koresha umuti wica mikorobe nka Jik, Dettol, cyangwa Formalin;
• Tandukanya ingurube z’ingeri zitandukanye(ugendeye ku mezi zifite).

2️. Gahunda y’ikingira

• Vagise (urukingo) na yitwa Swine Erysipelas Vaccine ni ingenzi cyane.
• Piglets: zikingirwa ku mezi abiri.
• Ingurube zikuze: zikingirwa buri mezi atandatu.
• Ababyeyi (sows): bakingirwa mbere yo gutwita.
• Soma andi makuru kuri FAO Pig Health Vaccination Schedule.

3. Ibiryo n’amazi

• Koresha amazi atanduye;
• Irinde kugaburira ingurube ibiryo bishaje cyangwa byanduye;
• Menya uko wakora ibiryo by’ingurube byuzuye intungamubiri.

Impamvu Indwara ya Muryamo Igaruka Kenshi

N’ubwo ivuwe neza ishobora kumera nk'ikize, muryamo ishobora kugaruka bitewe na:

• Mikorobe zasigaye mu butaka;
• Kudakora isuku neza kandi burigihe;
• Kudakingira ingurube zawe ku gihe;
• Kubura gahunda yo kwandika ibyo wabonye ku ndwara(Kutaika amakuru).

Inama z’Abahanga ku Kuvura Muryamo Neza

Abaganga b’amatungo bemeza ko indwara ya muryamo ishobora gucika burundu niba hakurikijwe ibi:

• Gukoresha imiti yemewe n’umuveterineri;
• Kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare;
• Gukingira buri gihe;
• Gukora isuku no gutandukanya ingurube zikeneye ubuvuzi.

Dr. Jean Claude Murekezi, inzobere mu buvuzi bw’amatungo muri RAB, avuga ko “muryamo ari indwara yoroshye kuvura ariko ikaba ikomeye cyane iyo utinze kuyitaho.”

Icyo Aborozi Bakwiye Kwitaho Nyuma yo Kuvura Indwara

• Komeza guha ingurube vitamini n’amazi asukuye;
• Sukura ikiraro buri munsi;
• Andika amakuru yose yerekeye kuvurwa n’amoko y’imiti wakoresheje;
• Menya igihe cyo gukingira gikurikiraho.

Icyo FAO n’Inzego zita ku Buhinzi n'ubworozi zivuga kuri Muryamo

Nk’uko FAO ibigaragaza mu nyandiko yayo “Erysipelas in Pigs – Control and Prevention”, indwara ya muryamo ni imwe mu zigomba kwitabwaho cyane kuko ikurura igihombo gikomeye mu borozi bato. Gahunda zo gukingira, gusukura no gutanga amahugurwa ku borozi ni zo zifasha kurandura burundu iyi ndwara.

Soma birambuye kuri https://www.fao.org/animal-health/

Ingero z’Aborozi b’Abanyarwanda Bavanye Ingurube mu Muryamo

Mu karere ka Musanze, umworozi witwa Mukamana Claudine yigeze guhura n’iki kibazo mu 2023. Ingurube ze 5 zarwaye muryamo, ariko nyuma yo kugisha inama umuveterineri no gukoresha Penicillin mu gihe cy’iminsi 5, zose zarakize. Ubu afite gahunda yo gukingira buri mezi atandatu no gukoresha amazi meza.

Yagize ati: nkimara kbona ingurube zitangiye kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'uburwayi nahise mpamagara veterineri, araza arazivura. ubu zimeze neza. Nahise mfata gahunda yo kujya nzikingiza buri mezi atandatu.

Ibi bigaragaza ko ubumenyi n’ubwitange ari intwaro ikomeye mu kurwanya indwara z’ingurube.

Umusozo

Indwara ya muryamo mu ngurube ni ikibazo gikomeye ariko gishobora kwirindwa no kuvurwa neza. Kugira isuku, gukingira, no kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare ni byo by’ingenzi mu kurinda igihombo cy’ubworozi.

Sangiza iyi nkuru n’abandi borozi kugira ngo nabo bamenye uko bavura indwara ya muryamo. Komeza usure urubuga FarmXpertGroup.com kugira ngo wige byinshi ku buzima, imirire n’imicungire myiza y’ingurube.

 References

1.   FAO (2024). Erysipelas in Pigs – Control and Prevention. FAO Animal Health

2.   Merck Veterinary Manual (2024). Swine Erysipelas (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae).

3.   OIE (2024). Swine Disease Cards.

4.   Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB). Pig Health and Vaccination Schedule, 2023.

Inkuru yakozwe na: FarmXpert Editorial Team – Agriculture, Livestock & Rural Innovation Desk