Ubuhinzi bw’Avoka mu Rwanda: Amahirwe, Inyungu n’Isoko Mpuzamahanga

 Menya uko ubuhinzi bw’avoka mu Rwanda bufungura amahirwe y’ubukungu, ibyoherezwa hanze, n’iterambere ry’umuhinzi n’igihugu muri rusange.

Avoka, igihingwa cy’igihe kizaza

Ubuhinzi bw’avoka (avocado) mu Rwanda burakataje mu myaka yashize, bukaba bumaze kuba kimwe mu bihingwa by’inyungu bikurura abashoramari, abahinzi bato n’abacuruzi. Avoka, izwi nk’urubuto ruboneka mu Rwanda z’ifite isuku n’ubuziranenge”, ubu ni igihingwa cyoherezwa hanze cyane cyane mu Burayi (EU) no muri Emirate z’Abarabu, ku isoko ryiyongera buri mwaka.

Mu gihe isi iri mu rugendo rwo gushaka ibiribwa bifite amavuta meza, intungamubiri, n’imisemburo kamere, avoka yabaye kimwe mu biribwa by’inyungu ku buzima bw’abantu bose. U Rwanda, rufite ubutaka bwiza n’ikirere gikwiye, rufite amahirwe yo kuba umwe mu bayobozi b’isoko rya avoka muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

 Uko ubuhinzi bw’avoka buteye mu Rwanda

Ubuhinzi bw’avoka mu Rwanda bumaze gufata indi ntera kubera gahunda za Leta zishyigikira ibyoherezwa hanze (export crops). Avoka ikunze guhingwa cyane mu turere twa:

• Musanze, Nyabihu, Rubavu, Huye, Nyamagabe, na Rutsiro, aho ikirere cy’ahasanzwe gikonje gituma imbuto zifata neza kandi zikagira ubuziranenge bukenewe ku masoko mpuzamahanga.

Amoko y’Avoka akunze guhingwa

• Hass Avocado: iri ku isoko mpuzamahanga cyane (yoherezwa mu Burayi na Aziya).
• Fuerte Avocado: iribwa cyane mu gihugu imbere kubera uburyohe bwayo.
• Pinkerton n’Anderson: ahanini zikoreshwa mu rwego rwo gupima ubushobozi bwo kwagura isoko.

Uburyo bwo guhinga neza avoka

Kugira ngo ugere k’umusaruro wifuza, avoka ikenera:

• Ubutaka bufite ibyimbure byinshi (organic matter) kandi budahagaze amazi.
• Ikirere gifite ubushyuhe hagati ya 15°C – 25°C.
• Ifumbire y’imborera cyangwa iy’ifumbire mvaruganda yunganira umusaruro.
• Guhinga ku miringoti kugira ngo amazi ataza guhagarara(kureka).
• Guhumbika neza imbuto zasaruwe kugira ngo zitarangirika.

Soma ibijyanye n’uburyo bwo gutegura ubutaka ku bihingwa by’imbuto kuri farmxpertgroup.com.

Amahirwe ari mu buhinzi bw’avoka mu Rwanda

Ubuhinzi bw’avoka ni kimwe mu bihingwa Leta y’u Rwanda ishyigikira binyuze muri gahunda ya “Made in Rwanda & Export Promotion”.

Isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu

Uko iminsi igenda ishira, abanyarwanda barimo gusobanukirwa akamaro ka avoka ku buzima — cyane mu byokurya, gukora amavuta, no kongera uburanga (cosmetics). Ibi bituma isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu rikura umunsi k’umunsi. Soma ibindi kuri trade Map (2024). Global Avocado Market Trends.

Isoko mpuzamahanga

U Rwanda rwohereza avoka cyane cyane muri:

-       Ubwongereza, Ubuholandi, Ubufaransa, na UAE.

Kuva mu 2020 kugeza 2024, umusaruro woherezwa hanze wazamutse ku kigero kirenga 30% buri mwaka (FAO, 2024). 

-       Abafatanyabikorwa

(i)NAEB (National Agricultural Export Development Board) ishyigikira abahinzi mu gutanga ingemwe, amahugurwa, n’uburyo bwo kubona amasoko.

(ii) FAO na RAB bafasha mu bushakashatsi ku mbuto zifite umusaruro mwinshi. FAO (2024). Horticulture and Export Crops in Rwanda. 

(iii)Private exporters nka Garden Fresh na Hollanda Fairfoods barimo gukorana n’amakoperative y’abahinzi mu turere twavuzwe hejuru.

Sura FAO Rwanda – Horticulture Development)

 Inyungu z’ubuhinzi bw’avoka ku bukungu n’ibidukikije

1.   Kongera umusaruro n’amadovize: avoka ni kimwe mu bihingwa bifasha igihugu kubona amadovize avuye mu byo koherezwa hanze.

2.   Kubungabunga ibidukikije: avoka ifasha kurwanya isuri, cyane ku misozi ihingwa.

3.   Kongera ubukungu bw’umuryango: umuhinzi umwe ashobora kubona inyungu iri hagati ya 3–5 miliyoni Frw/ha ku mwaka.

4.   Ibidukikije: igihingwa gifasha mu kurwanya ubushyuhe n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere (climate resilience crop).

Isoko mpuzamahanga ry’avoka n’amahirwe ku Rwanda

Isoko rya avoka ku isi ryitezwe kwiyongera kugera kuri US$ 23.5 billion mu 2030 (World Bank, 2024).

Amakuru dukesha  NAEB (2023)/Avocado Export Data Reportt.Yerekana ibihugu nka Mexico, Kenya, Peru, na Chile biri imbere, ariko u Rwanda rurimo kugera ku rwego rwo guhangana n’ibyo bihugu kubera ubuziranenge bw’imbuto zarwo.

Ibisabwa n’isoko mpuzamahanga

• Ubuziranenge (Quality certification: Global GAP),
• Gukoresha uburyo bujyanye n’amategeko y’ibidukikije,
• Gupakira mu buryo bugezweho (export packaging standards),
• Kwishyira hamwe nk’abahinzi binyuze mu makoperative.

Soma ibijyanye n’isoko mpuzamahanga ry’ibiribwa kuri farmxpertgroup.com

Soma ibijyanye n’isoko Trade Map – Avocado Export Data

Imbogamizi mu buhinzi bw’avoka n’inyungu z’iterambere rirambye

MINAGRI (2023). National Horticulture Strategy 2023–2028 igaragaza ko Nubwo amahirwe ahari ari menshi, haracyari imbogamizi zigaragara:

ü  Kubura imbuto zizewe kandi zihamye (seedling quality),

ü  Kutagira uburyo buhoraho bwo kuhira,

ü  Ibura ry’isoko rihamye ku bahinzi bato,

ü  Kutamenya ubuziranenge busesuye bwo gupakira,

Inzira zishoboka zo kubyutsa uru rwego:

• Kwigisha abahinzi uburyo bwo gutunganya avoka ku rwego rwo hejuru,
• Kubaka ububiko bwa kijyambere n’uburyo bwo gutwara imbuto ku isoko,
• Gushyiraho gahunda ya “Avocado Cooperative Union” ihuza abahinzi n’abaguzi,

Uko watangira umushinga w’ubuhinzi bw’avoka mu Rwanda

Mugitabo cyashyizwe hanze na RAB (2024). kivuga  Fruit Crop Production Guidelines.

1.   Hitamo ahantu heza (hatarimo amazi menshi, ubutaka bufite umwuka, ikirere kiringaniye)

2.   Tegura umurima ukoresheje ifumbire y’imborera

3.   Tera ingemwe mu bihe by’imvura cyangwa ugenzure uburyo bwo kuhira

4.   Fumbira no gusukura buri gihe (ukoresheje ibikomoka ku matungo cyangwa ifumbire mvaruganda)

5.   Genzura indwara n’ibyonnyi hakoreshejwe uburyo butangiza ibidukikije

6.   Saruza neza — avoka zisarurwa zitarabira cyane kugira ngo zitangirika mu rugendo

Reba uburyo bwo gutegura umushinga w’ubuhinzi ku farmxpertgroup.com

Umusozo n’Ubwiyemezi bw’Abanyarwanda

Ubuhinzi bw’avoka si igihingwa cy’inyungu gusa, ni uburyo bwo guhindura ubuzima n’ubukungu bw’umuhinzi. Iyo habayeho gufatanya n’amakoperative, gushyira imbere ubuziranenge, no kwinjira ku masoko mpuzamahanga, avoka ishobora kuba izina ry’u Rwanda mu buhinzi bw’isi.

Sangiza iyi nkuru, reba izindi nkuru z’ubuhinzi, ubworozi, n’iterambere ry’icyaro kuri farmxpertgroup.com. Tanga igitekerezo cyawe hasi cyangwa utwandikire kugira ngo tugufashe gutangira umushinga wawe w’ubuhinzi bw’avoka.